Art and Aesthetics Essays

Art and Aesthetics Essays Art and Aesthetics Essay Art and Aesthetics Essay As time and centuries pass simultaneously art evolves too. During the Greek – Roman period in history art was a powerful medium and was used as a research instrument for studying the human body. The Greeks loved perfection, religion, and their government. These values were transferred to the Romans who adapted the Greek culture together with their swag. Later on by doing so, the mixture of both cultures came to be known as the â€Å"classical civilization† (The Greek Spirit pg. 99). The Greco-Roman style influenced many people specifically philosophers, pushed them to create theories that would explain, measure and declare what was art. Amongst these men we encounter the famous philosopher Plato and his ideal aesthetic when developing art. Plato theorized on the skill and knowledge behind making a piece, the advantages and disadvantages of mimiquing art, and the whereabouts of artistic inspiration. When looking at Plato’s theories in comparison to the modern person, the way in which artist create art today, the theories no longer apply. Art is a generated feeling, idea, experience, or concept that is given a form by the artist. That’s the basic idea of how art is created, however Plato believes art’s process to be more specific, â€Å"Art conceived generally as techne, presupposes a knowing and a making: Knowing the end to be aimed at and the best means for achieving the end† (Philosophies of Art and Beauty pg. 1). Here Plato says that all works of art are created with skill and knowledge (techne), meaning the artist must be educated in the type of medium he is using. It also says that because all art has techne the artist should be able to follow a specific size, length and form according to Plato in order to achieve the ideal end. Now looking at a modern example of art in this case graffiti we see that the concept of maintaining a form is still there however this type of art does not necessarily follow a specific format like Plato believed. Graffiti captures meaning and form but not all graffiti pieces have perfect measure or evolve around an ideal end. An example of a modern artist is Keith Haring a famous graffiti artist. When looking at Harings work you are able to see that indeed form, shape, and size is not essential, that perfection is not a necessity but that getting the message across is the new perfection, â€Å"By expressing universal concepts of birth, death, love, sex and war, using a primacy of line and directness of message , Haring was able to attract a wide audience and assure the accessibility and staying power of his imagery†( Keith Haring Biography) Plato would have hated this artist for not caring about having knowledge of the medium he was using, for being so free and for not being limited. Modern people have lost a sense of perfection and accuracy in their work because the meaning of the artwork has overpowered its aesthetic surface beauty, this meaning that Platos aesthetic theories no longer limit and gear the modern artist towards perfection. Art is the recreation of something that already exists. Plato refers to this as imitating work when he says, â€Å"Human makers envisage the human community according to the ideas of justice, the good, courage, temperance, and the beautiful. Within the state the various arts are practiced likewise as imitations of an external order of existence† (Philosophies of Art and Beauty pg. 4) Plato talks about how human makers see the world according to certain ideas, which pushes them (while thinking this way) to create/practice art even though in the end they are still imitations of something that already exists. Part of Plato’s theory is right yet an artist’s imagination can’t imitate work but it can create work. This theory compared to how the modern person creates art has to in the sense that yes some artist are imitators but at the same time they are makers because they are taking something that already exists ,feeding it a meaning, giving it a personal twist and recreating the piece . Keith Haring pops at this theory again and challenges it by creating work influenced by social concepts occurring in his human community, â€Å"They were humans and animals in different combinations . I remember trying to figure out where this stuff came from but I have no idea. I just grew into this group of drawings. I was thinking about these images as symbols, as a vocabulary of things. Suddenly it made sense to draw on the street, because I had something to say† (Keith Haring Biography).

Common Ground in Rhetoric - Definition and Examples

Common Ground in Rhetoric s In rhetoric and communication, common ground is a basis of mutual interest or agreement thats found or established in the course of an argument. Finding common ground is an essential aspect of conflict resolution and a key to ending disputes peacefully. Examples and Observations Whereas ancient rhetoricians seemed confident that they shared common ground with their audiences, modern rhetorical writers must often discover common ground. . . . In our pluralistic world where we often do not share values, readers and authors work to find the common ground that allows them to communicate and interpret judgments, evaluations, and emotions.(Wendy Olmsted, Rhetoric: An Historical Introduction. Blackwell, 2006)Buried deep within the heart of every conflict lies a territory known as Common Ground. But how do we summon the courage to seek out its borders?(The Control Voice in Tribunal. The Outer Limits, 1999)Only in a situation of actual revolution . . . could one say that there is no common ground among participants in a controversy.(David Zarefsky, A Skeptical View of Movement Studies. Central States Speech Journal, Winter 1980)The Rhetorical SituationOne possibility for defining common ground . . . is a shift from that which is already shared, to that which is not s haredbut which could potentially become shared, or if not shared then at least understood, once we open up the paradigm to include that act of listening to each other as part of the common ground of rhetorical exchange. . . .Common ground presumes that, no matter what our individual positions, we do share a common interest in both individual and social growth, a willingness to enter into the rhetorical situation with an open mind, to consider, to hear, to ask questions, to make contributions. It is out of such commonalities that we forge new competencies, new understandings, new identities . . ..(Barbara A. Emmel, Common Ground and (Re)Defanging the Antagonistic, in Dialogue and Rhetoric, ed. by Edda Weigand. John Benjamins, 2008) Common Ground in Classical Rhetoric: Shared OpinionPerhaps the least equivocal vision of  common ground is  found in  rhetorical  theories- which stress stylistic appropriateness and audience-adaptation. In antiquity, rhetorics were often handbooks of commonplaces- common topics appropriate for general audiences. The idea was that it takes agreement to get agreement. Aristotle thus saw common ground as shared opinion, the underlying unity that makes enthymemes possible. Enthymemes are rhetorical syllogisms trading on the listeners ability to supply premises to a speakers claims. The common ground between speaker and listener is a cognitive unity: The said calls up the unsaid, and together the speaker and listener create a common syllogism.(Charles Arthur Willard,  Liberalism and the Problem of Knowledge: A New Rhetoric for Modern Democracy. The University of Chicago Press, 1996)The New Rhetoric of Chaim PerelmanIt sometimes seems as if two opposing views are so different th at no common ground can be found. Strangely enough, exactly when two groups hold radically opposing views, common ground is likely to exist. When two political parties strongly advocate different economic policies, we may assume that both parties are deeply concerned about the economic welfare of the country. When the prosecution and the defense in a legal case differ fundamentally on the matter of guilt or innocence, one can start by saying that both wish to see justice done. Of course, fanatics and skeptics will seldom be persuaded of anything.(Douglas Lawrie, Speaking to Good Effect: An introduction to the Theory and Practice of Rhetoric. SUN PReSS, 2005) Kenneth Burkes Concept of IdentificationWhen rhetoric and composition scholarship invokes identification, it most commonly cites Kenneth Burkes modern theory of consubstantial common ground. As a place for rhetorical listening, however, Burkes concept of identification is limited. It does not adequately address the coercive force of common ground that often haunts cross-cultural communication, nor does it adequately address how to identify and negotiate troubled identifications; moreover, it does not address how to identify and negotiate conscious identifications functioning as ethical and political choices.(Krista Ratcliffe, Rhetorical Listening: Identification, Gender, Whiteness. SIU Press, 2005)

Writing a Critique to the Brad DeHaven's Aticle The Design of an Ideal Essay

Writing a Critique to the Brad DeHaven's Aticle The Design of an Ideal Business - Essay Example While the author has included all categories of people, he presupposes that everyone is computer literate and have access to internet. He also assumes that everyone possesses entrepreneurial qualities. ‘Offer items on high demand’ and ‘offer items that have repeat purchase’ seems to be a repetition because the items mentioned under high demand are repeat purchases. In fact consumables itself indicate repeat purchase hence they could fall under the same category. It is also not clear what requirements he refers to about the baby boomers? Is it in terms of real estate or consumables? Overall, the text is quite confusing especially when he is targeting the moms at home who have no prior business experience. The author’s points about a mentor is impressive and educative for a beginner and he has cited his own evidence in its support. While he has highlighted how technology has advanced and can help people live better lives he has not cautioned the readers about the pitfalls of internet based business. ‘Systems run the business and the people run the systems’ sounds very promising and interesting but the writer should have cited details of how network marketing functions. The last three points are highly motivating and can influence the reader but a closer scrutiny leaves a lot of questions unanswered. It does give an impression that internet can change lives but no success stories have been cited as reference. His idea of having a mentor is a good suggestion but he presumes that all people are unhappy with their work.

Does Fast Food Advertising Have an Influence on What Parents Feed Research Paper

Does Fast Food Advertising Have an Influence on What Parents Feed Their Children - Research Paper Example Parents usually do not bother too much to critically analyse or investigate such claims. Fast food items are normally tastier than conventional foods and hence majority of the children like it. Parents usually feed their children based on the tastes of the children. When a child shows interests in a fast food item, his/her mother or father may not think too much about its ingredients. He/she will purchase that item in order to make the child pleasant. Majority of the current parents have some kind of professional and personal commitments. As a result of that they are not getting enough time to think about the nutritional aspects while feeding their children. Fast food advertisements further encourage or motivate them while purchasing food items for their children. Effects Of Fast Food Advertising On Parents Fast food companies make use of plenty of advertising strategies to catch the attention of parents. For example, price promotions can increase consumer preference for a particular product. Moreover, it may increase repeated purchases, and contribute to parents’ beliefs that the promoted item is highly nutritional and frequently eaten (Hoek and Gendall, 2006; Naylor et al. 2006). It should be noted that price promotions always help the companies to catch the attention of the public. When sales decrease, companies often forced to reduce the prices of their products. When prices come down, consumers usually show more interest in a particular product. For example, KFC food items are popular everywhere in the world. However, high prices of KFC products prevent parents from purchasing it for their children, especially in a recession hit global economic climate. Imagine a situation in which KFC announces reduction... This paper stresses that advertisements in general and Fast food advertisements in particular have positive influence upon parents and children. Even though some of the modern parents are aware of the traps made by advertisements, majority of the parents are unaware of it. Majority of the parents believe that fast food is better than conventional foods. This is because of the influence of advertisement related to fast food. Advertisers are capable of constructing ads to promote their products. Such ads will always describe the positives of the product while deliberately hiding its negative aspects. Ethics and social responsibility are rapidly diminishing subjects in the corporate world. This report makes a conclusion that marketers, especially the fast food marketers are particular about profit making. They use all advertising channels cleverly to catch the attention of the consumers. Misleading and exaggerated advertisements are often constructed and displayed by the fast food advertisers. Neither the parents nor the children think too much about the traps in such advertisements. For them, fast food is cheap, convenient and tastier than conventional food. For parents, the burden of preparing food in the kitchen is eliminated by fast foods. Advertisers are exploiting this parental attitude cleverly with the help of targeted ads. In short, fast food advertisements definitely have positive influence upon parents and children.

Decision making to IT related Ethical issue Essay

Decision making to IT related Ethical issue - Essay Example The latter consists of software programs, music, videos and other content that is being protected by the international law. The sites which provide easy access to it are called trackers. One of the most famous ones, namely The Pirate Bay has been closed several times, but it still operates. One would make no mistake that there are several groups of stakeholders that can be identified in this situation. First of all, there are end users who got used to being able to download any content they want for free. Secondly, there are the creators of the contents who want to earn money with the help of it. Thirdly, there is the government who is willing to gain an effective control over this segment. Finally, there are owners of the web sites that are affected by the applicable legislation. There may be several consequences of the decision. For example, if software piracy is being taken care of severely, it will be impossible to listen to the music online (Morley & Parker, 2007, p. 604). In addition to that, a lot of web site will have to erase the content that they currently have and change to comply with the law. There are several principles that should be taken into consideration. On the one hand, the government is responsible for making sure that its citizens obey the law and punish those who refuse to do so (Kehal, 2004, p. 176). In spite of the fact that the Internet is considered to be a virtual space that does not obey any particular government, those who download the content are always situated in a particular legal framework. On the other hand, there are people who argue that free sharing should become the characteristic feature of the digital age and it is ridiculous to fight it. One might identify quite a few options that there are. To begin with, it may be rather effective to block every single web site that provides those who access it with the ability to

Breaking loose from the Bondage of Racial Discrimination Slavery Essay

Breaking loose from the Bondage of Racial Discrimination Slavery - Essay Example The blacks were constantly arrested in the past; this case is still eminent nowadays lots of black people are in holding since they are considered violent. Minimal considerations have been made to handle this challenge. Theologically the blacks are viewed to be gang men yet the regime has not made efforts to prove why this case is so. The government only aims at removing them from the streets. It is common knowledge that most of the black people grow in a hostile environment. Securing favorable opportunities given these circumstances is a pressing issue hence many indulge in criminal activities. Moody was concerned with the concept of race. In her memoir, she explains of her two uncles who appeared white. The shift brought many challenges into her life. Moving to new places accrues many challenges particularly discrimination. The US is composed of various cultures and facts have it there is some level of hostility between these cultures. Eventually, violence breaks which result in loss of life and fundamentally opportunities are reduced. For instance the assassination of Martin Luther, who had a great vision for America, crippled his peace vision that resulted in chaos. Redemption for America was vital since it was a home and will forever be to this diverse people. While in high school her interests in politics were awakened, she tells the story of a young boy who was brutally murdered. In the memoir, her mother explains that the boy was killed by an evil spirit.

Michael Foucault Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Michael Foucault - Essay Example His research is often described as postmodernist and post-structuralism (Wikipedia Encyclopedia). Foucault focused on the dangers posed by psychoanalysis in the development of a disciplinary society (Milchman, Rosenberg 2003). One of the main reasons that Foucault emphasized on the subject of psychoanalysis is because it is a topic on which modern thought processes are based. The way we see our selves, our surroundings and the reality around us are all based on psychoanalysis. During the 1950's and 1960's many renowned scientists of the time designated homosexuality as pathological and ill. On the other hand, the adoption of heterosexual behavior (even for the homosexuals) was deemed as correct and righteous. Foucault was highly concerned about the cruelty imposed by various institutions on patients who were not deemed as proper in the face of the society in general. Hence, this justifies his reasons for providing sufficient warnings about the dangers of psychoanalysis. The Foucault methodology does not imply how a person should be but rather focuses on the reasons behind certain behavioral patterns of the patient. Until recently gays did not have any rights in the western society; and neither did children, the old, the mentally ill and the criminals. Foucault has laid the groundwork in his studies to provide these subjugated and oppressed members of the society with proper and due rights. It has been mentioned in a paper by Pryce (1999) that psychoanalysis may be used to obtain information of a "confessional nature" from a patient. This information may be about a topic that the patient is unable to discuss (such as sexual abuse). Three basic steps are used for the process of receiving such information. The direct citation from the paper is given as follows; "First, the medical consultation and examination includes asking the client questions concerning the particulars of sexual activities, orientation and risk behaviors and then physically examining the client. These are often illustrated using preprinted, small diagram of disembodied genitalia or rectum where the physician indicates the site of a lesion by inscribing an X'. Second, during specimen collections and treatments conducted by nurses there is a professional incitement to confess feelings and disclosure of psychosocial dimensions of sexuality. Third, the role of the health advisor and/or psychologist may include that of counselor utilizing some techniques and methods derived from formal counseling and psychology, whereby the client speaks the sin by naming it." Sexuality and Foucault's Work In accordance to Foucault's work sexuality can be viewed in two different ways. The eastern society (e.g. India) sees sexuality as an art form (e.g. Kamasutra), whereas the other type society thinks of sexuality as something to be shameful of and to hide from the public eye. However, in the case of Western society has resulted in the ideology of "confession." This includes the confessions about one's sexuality and sexual origins. Confession is an everyday part of the